Carcinoma ductal infiltrante na gestação, desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico: relato de caso / Infiltrating ductal carcinoma during pregnancy, diagnostic and therapeutic challenge: a case report

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais frequentemente diagnosticada no mundo, sendo a segunda que mais afeta a mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal e a principal causa de morte por câncer em mulheres. O câncer de mama associado à gravidez refere-se àquele diagnosticado durante a gravidez ou no primeiro ano pós-parto. A incidência está aumentando à medida que as mulheres atrasam a primeira gestação. Descrição: O artigo traz o relato do caso de uma gestante com câncer de mama na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Discussão: A gestação deve ser considerada como agravante do câncer de mama, sendo o tratamento semelhante ao da população geral. Prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer são os eventos indesejáveis mais comuns. Conclusão: A abordagem multidisciplinar é fundamental para estabelecer um plano de tratamento individualizado e a paciente ser acolhida, orientada e participar de todo o processo de decisão terapêutica.(AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, being the second that most affects women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer refers to cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or in the first year postpartum. The incidence is increasing as women delay first pregnancy. Description: The article reports the case of a pregnant woman with breast cancer in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG. Discussion: Pregnancy should be considered as aggravating breast cancer, being the treatment similar to the general population. Prematurity and low birth weight are the most common undesirable events. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary approach is fundamental to establish an individualized treatment plan and the patient to be welcomed, guided and to participate in the whole therapeutic decision process.(AU)

Dermoscopy of inflammatory breast cancer

Abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive and infiltrative malignancy that is often misdiagnosed as an infection because of its symptoms and signs of inflammation, delaying proper diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of inflammatory breast cancer showing correlation between dermoscopic and histopathological diagnoses. We highlight the utility of dermoscopy for skin biopsy site selection.

Intraoperative imprint cytology versus histological diagnosis for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

OBJECTIVES: To compare imprint cytology and paraffin section histology for sentinel lymph node detection in women with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHOD: A cross-sectional study and report of the sentinel lymph node statuses of 64 patients with breast cancer who underwent intraoperative imprint cytology and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a referral cancer institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS: The mean age was 51 years. The most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (93.75%), and the most common differentiation grade was 2 (62.5%). Overall, 153 lymph nodes were identified, with a mean of 2.39/case. Thirty-four lymph nodes tested positive for malignancy by imprint cytology, and 55 tested positive by histology. Of the 55 positive lymph nodes, 41 (74.5%) involved macrometastases, and 14 (25.5%) involved micrometastases. There were 21 false negatives with imprint cytology, namely, 7 for macrometastases and 14 for micrometastases, resulting in a rate of 17.6%. The sensitivity of imprint cytology was 61.8%, with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 82.4% and an accuracy of 86.3%. The method presented null sensitivity for the identification of micrometastases. CONCLUSIONS: The false-negative rate with imprint cytology was associated with the number of sentinel lymph nodes obtained. The rate found for complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was comparable to the rates reported in the literature. The accuracy of imprint cytology was good, and its specificity was excellent for sentinel lymph node detection; however, the method was unable to detect lymph node micrometastases.

Cáncer en mama axilar: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Axillary breast cancer: clinical case and literature review

El tejido mamario ectópico se desarrolla debido a la involución incompleta de la cresta mamaria, de localización más frecuente en la axila y más común en mujeres. Este tejido sufre cambios fisiopatológicos similares a los de la mama normal, entre los cuales se encuentra la malignización. El carcinoma primario de este tejido es infrecuente, y su manifestación más común es la masa palpable. Al igual que en la mama normal, la histología más frecuente del cáncer de mama ectópica es el Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante y, por su localización atípica, suele diagnosticarse tardíamente, y tendría un curso más agresivo y de peor pronóstico, dado por la mayor cercanía a ganglios, piel y pared torácica. Debido a los pocos datos publicados, el diagnóstico y tratamiento no están bien establecidos, pero los esquemas disponibles son similares a los utilizados en el cáncer de mama normal. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 41 años, con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama ectópica en la región axilar derecha, sin invasión a distancia, tratada con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia, que evoluciona favorablemente, sin metástasis ni recidivas durante seguimiento.

Ectopic mammary tissue develops due to the incomplete involution of the mammary crest, which is more frequently located in the axilla and more common in women. This tissue undergoes pathophysiological changes similar to those of the normal breast, among which malignancy is found. The primary carcinoma of this tissue is infrequent and its most common manifestation is the palpable mass. As in the normal breast, the most frequent histology of ectopic breast cancer is the Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma and, because of its atypical location, it is usually diagnosed late and it would have a more aggressive course and a worse prognosis, due to the greater proximity to lymph nodes, skin and chest wall. Because of the few published data, the diagnosis and treatment are not well established, but the available schemes are similar to those used in normal breast cancer. We present the case of a 41yearsold female patient with a diagnosis of ectopic breast cancer in the right axillary region, without distant invasion, treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whoevolves favorably, without metastasis or relapses during follow-up.

Ductal eccrine carcinoma of the axilla: a diagnostic pitfall

Abstract: Ductal eccrine carcinoma (DEC) is a rare sweat gland carcinoma with ductular differentiation. Clinically, it is characterized by a slowly growing, hardened plaque or nodule predominantly located on the head and neck. Histologically, DEC shares similar features to invasive breast carcinoma, thus causing great diagnostic challenges. We report a 69-year-old woman who presented with a hardened plaque on the axilla. A skin biopsy was performed and metastatic invasive breast carcinoma could not be ruled out. Complete excision and further workup were subsequently conducted, leading to the diagnosis of estrogen receptor positive DEC with associated axillary lymph node metastases. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy to the left axilla and was started on oral letrozole. She is disease-free 14 months after initial diagnosis.

Syndrome in question

Abstract: Dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory disease, autoimmune, with proximal myopathy associated with characteristic dermatological manifestations. In adults, 20-50% of the cases are paraneoplastic manifestation, being mandatory the workup for malignancy Herein we report a case of a woman with classic dermatological presentation of dermatomyositis and newly diagnosed breast cancer. In general, the clinical presentation of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis is more exuberant and manifestations may precede, concur or succeed the diagnosis of neoplasia. The prognosis of cases associated with breast cancer is worse than the idiopathic form. Treatment is based mainly on the resolution of the underlying disease, beyond immunosuppressants.

Breast cancer metastasis to the pituitary gland / Metástase de câncer de mama para a hipófise

Metastatic tumors to the pituitary gland are an unusual complication typically seen in elderly patients with diffuse malignant disease. Breast and lung are the commonest sites of the primary tumor. Prognosis of patients with breast cancer metastasis is poor and depends on the primary neoplastic extension. We report a 54 year-old woman with breast cancer metastasis to the pituitary stalk first diagnosed because of visual disturbance with no other symptoms. Pituitary gland stalk metastasis is a very uncommon find and this case report includes a literature review.

Os tumores hipofisários malignos são raros e geralmente se constituem de metástases de neoplasias disseminadas. Câncer de mama e pulmão são os sítios primários mais frequentes e o prognóstico depende do grau de comprometimento da doença. Este é o relato do caso de uma mulher de 54 anos que apresentou uma lesão tumoral restrita à haste hipofisária, que se revelou como metástase do câncer de mama previamente conhecido. O acometimento da haste hipofisária é muito raro, motivo pelo qual descrevemos o caso com a revisão da literatura específica.

A Profile of Breast Cancer Cases in Dakshina A Profile of Breast Cancer Cases in Dakshina.

Background: Breast cancer as a disease not only instills feeling of dread and fear but also has a psychological impact, as it affects a part of the body central to women’s sense of feminity. There is a steady increase in rural breast cancer incidence since rural women are increasingly adopting urban lifestyles, reproductive habits and are also increasingly exposed to similar environmental factors as urban women due to economic development. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital rec-ord based study was done among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. Data regarding age, risk factors like marital status and religion along with histological type, tumour grade and stage at diagnosis were retrieved. Data were entered and analysed by frequency, percentage and chi-square test. Results: A total of 109 cases, of which 76 were from rural areas of Dakshina Kannada. Mean age at presentation was 51-60 years among rural and 41-60 years among urban. Among rural women all 76 were married and among urban women 30 were married. Prevalence of breast malignancy was more among Hindus and least among the Muslims. The commonest histological type was Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (NOS) and commonest grade was grade 2. Most of them belonged to stage 2 disease. Conclusion: The study suggests that breast cancer pa-tients present late in the progression of disease beyond stage 1 and hence there is a need for improved screening techniques among rural women of Dakshina Kannada. Women should be encouraged to perform breast self-examination and get regular mammograms done as a routine screening proce-dure.

Carcinoma papilar intraquístico asociado a adenocarcinoma ductual infiltrante en un hombre: reporte de un caso / Papillary intra cyst carcinoma associated with ductal adenocarcinoma in a man: case report

El carcinoma papilar intraquístico es un subtipo de carcinoma ductal no invasivo, puede estar asociado o no acarcinoma in situ y a carcinoma infiltrante, es una patología poco frecuente por lo tanto su aparición en hombres es extremadamente rara. El tratamiento en estos casos es equivalente al carcinoma de mama en mujeres, se debate entre mastectomía simple o mastectomía parcial más radioterapia. Presentamos el caso de un hombre a quien se diagnostica preoperatoriamente con un carcinoma papilar y se realiza mastectomía simple más ganglio centinela.

The papillary intra cyst carcinoma is a sub type of ductal no invasive carcinoma, it can be or not associated to in situ carcinoma and to infiltrant carcinoma, is a pathology less frequent, for these reason his apparition in men is extremely rare. The treatment is equivalent to the breast carcinoma in women, debated between simple mastectomy and partial mastectomy with radiation therapy. We present a clinical case of a man with pre operative diagnostic with a papillary carcinoma and realized simple mastectomy with sentinel node.

Identificação e validação de marcadores moleculares das vias de sinalização WNT, PI3K e processo EMT para risco de progressão de carcinoma ductal in situ de mama / Identification and validation of molecular markers of WNT and PI3K signaling pathway and EMT process for the risk of progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

O carcinoma ductal da mama é o tipo histológico mais freqüente, sendo que o in situ (CDIS) representa uma neoplasia com incidência crescente, devido aos métodos de detecção precoce de lesões mamárias não palpáveis. Essa neoplasia da mama inclui um grupo heterogêneo de tumores pré-invasivos, com potencial maligno distinto, que podem progredir rapidamente para a forma invasiva, ou não apresentarem evolução, após um longo período da doença. Um estudo prévio (CASTRO et al. 2008) aplicou o conceito de divergência molecular em grupos de lesões que mimetizam a progressão do câncer de mama [epitélio normal (EN), carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) puro, componente in situ de lesão que coexiste com invasão (CDIS-CDI) e do carcinoma ductal invasivo (CDI)], utilizando as metodologias de microdissecção a laser e cDNA microarray. O padrão de expressão gênica do grupo de células epiteliais tumorais do componente in situ do CDIS-CDI é semelhante ao grupo de células tumorais do CDI e diferente do grupo de células CDIS puro, cujos aspectos morfológicos são semelhantes ao componente in situ do CDIS-CDI. Isso sugeriu que as modificações moleculares das células do componente in situ do CDIS-CDI, já estejam presentes antes da manifestação morfológica de invasão e que os genes diferentemente expressos entre os dois grupos de células de lesões pré-invasivas, sejam potenciais preditores de risco de progressão do CDIS puro. Assim, nós avaliamos 28 genes das vias de sinalização WNT, PI3K e processo EMT, previamente selecionados do estudo anterior (CASTRO et al. 2008) através de RT-PCR quantitativo (RT-qPCR), em células tumorais capturadas de amostras congeladas do CDIS puro e do componente in situ do CDIS-CDI. Esse trabalho confirmou a diferença de expressão em células epiteliais entre os dois grupos de lesões pré-invasivas, em 14 (70%) de 20 genes avaliados, que apresentaram dados confiáveis nos ensaios de TLDA, sendo que 13 genes apresentaram maior expressão em CDIS...

Among breast tumors, ductal breast carcinoma is the most common histologic type. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increasing incidence, mainly due to early detection methods of non-palpable breast lesions. DCIS includes a heterogeneous group of pre-invasive tumors, with distinct malignant potential, which can either rapidly progress to the invasive form, or show no progression after a long period of surveillance. In a previous study from the group (CASTRO et al. 2008) based on the expression pattern of epithelial cells, using laser capture microdissection and cDNA microarray, the concept of molecular divergence was applied to groups of breast lesions which mimic the progression of breast cancer [cells from normal epithelium, cells from pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), cells from in situ component that coexists with invasive lesion (DCIS-IDC) and cells from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)]. The gene expression pattern of the cells from the in situ component of DCIS-IDC is more similar to the group of IDC tumor cells other than to the group of pure DCIS of cells, which presents higher similarity in terms of morphological features to the in situ component of DCIS-IDC. This suggests that the molecular changes of the cells from the in situ component of DCIS-IDC are already present before morphological manifestations of invasion and that the genes differentially expressed between the two groups of cells of pre-invasive lesions, are potential predictors of risk of progression of pure DCIS. Thus, we evaluated 28 previously selected genes of WNT signaling pathway, PI3K and EMT process (CASTRO et al. 2008) by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in tumor cells captured from in situ lesions of pure DCIS and DCIS-IDC from frozen samples. This work confirmed the difference in expression of epithelial cells between the two groups of preinvasive lesions, in 14 (70%) of the 20 genes evaluated, by reliable TLDA assays. Most genes (13 genes) showed higher expression in pure...

Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Breast: Imaging Features

Focal neuroendocrine differentiation can be found in diverse histological types of breast tumors. However, the term, neuroendocrine breast tumor, indicates the diffuse expression of neuroendocrine markers in more than 50% of the tumor cell population. The imaging features of neuroendocrine breast tumor have not been accurately described due to extreme rarity of this tumor type. We present a case of a pathologically confirmed, primary neuroendocrine breast tumor in a 42-year-old woman, with imaging findings difficult to be differentiated from that of invasive ductal carcinoma.

Cytohistopathological Correlation in Palpable Breast Lesions.

The objective was to study the correlation between cytological and histopathological features and to find out the sensitivity and specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Two hundred patients were studied; 150 were retrospective and 50 were prospective cases. Only those patients who had FNAC followed by histopathological examination were included. Useful cytological parameters for diagnosis of malignancy were loss of cell cohesion, cell size, nuclear crowding and overlapping, nuclear size, type of chromatin, absence of bipolar naked nuclei and infiltration of stroma. In present study complete sensitivity was 96.2%, absolute sensitivity was 86.7%, predictive value was 100%, false negative were 1.9%. No false positive smear was seen. We concluded that a definitive diagnosis of malignancy by FNAC could be safely used for definitive treatment but the same was not true for non-malignant, suspicious or atypical smears. In these situations surgical biopsy was considered to be essential for definitive diagnosis.

Melanoma maligno sincrónico con carcinoma ductual infiltrante de la mama: reporte de un caso / Malignant melanoma synchronic with infiltrant ductual breast carcinoma: a case report

Presentacion de un caso raro. Paciente femenina de 55 años quien presenta desde mayo 2011 prurito en pezón derecho, telorrea verdosa e hiperpigmentación del complejo areola-pezón. Se realiza mamografía y ultrasonido mamario que concluyen BIRADS0, ausencia de imágenes de sospecha, respectivamente. Se practica biopsia punch que reporta nevus displásico vs., melanoma superficial y biopsia excisional con hallazgos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos compatibles con melanoma superficial Breslow 1 Clark I. Se lleva acabo resección de pezón, parte de la areola y tejido centro-mamario más biopsia de ganglio centinela, con técnica combinada, resultando positivo para melanoma metastásico por lo que se realiza disección axilar de niveles I al III. El estudio anatomopatológico definitivo reporta carcinoma ductal infiltrante, receptores hormonales negativos, Her2neu sobre-expresado, Ki67 5%, pT2pN0M0 clasificado como estadio IIA y melanoma en complejo areola pezón pT1apN1bM0 clasificado como estadio IIIC. Recibió interferón a altas dosis y quimioterapia a base de ciclofosfamida, adriamicina, fluoracilo, trastuzumaby radioterapia. El melanoma de la mama es una entidad poco frecuente (0,28%), varios estudios epidemiológicos han provisto evidencia sugestiva de la relación entre carcinoma de mama y melanoma. La asociación metacrónica de estas neoplasias ha sido descrita. Sin embargo, la sincronía de estas no ha sido reportada, por lo cual el presente caso debe ser considerado inédito

To present a rare and synchronic case. A 55 years old female patient has view for itchy in the right nipple, green telorrea and hyperpigmentation of the nipple-areola complex since May of 2011. The nmammography and the breast ultrasound concluding a BIRADS 0 and absence of images of suspected respectively. The punch biopsy was performed and which reported melanoma vs. dysplastic nevi superficial. The excisional biopsy with histopathological and the immunohistochemical findings support a superficial melanoma classified how a Breslow 1 Clark I. A resectionof the nipple, areola and mammary tissue plus sentinel lymph node biopsy was carried out, resulting positive for metastatic melanoma so we performed axillaries lymph node dissection of levels I to III. The final pathology study reports infiltrating ductal carcinoma, negative to hormone receptors, over expressed Her2/neu, Ki67 5%, pT2pN0M0, classifiedhow stage IIA, and melanoma of nipple areola complex pT1apN1bM0 classified how stage IIIA. She received high-dose interferon and cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, fluorouracil based chemotherapy, trastuzumab and radiation therapy. Melanoma of the breast is uncommon (0.28%). Several epidemiological studies have provided suggestive evidence of the relation ship between breast carcinoma and melanoma. Metachronous association of these neoplasms has been described. However, the synchrony of these has not been reported, so this case should be considered unpublished

Pacientes con carcinoma de mama tratados con quimioterapia neoadyuvante factores predictivos de respuesta patológica completa / Breast cancer patients treated with neoadyuvant chemotherapy predictive factors of complete response

Demostrar que existen factores clínico patológicos capaces de predecir la respuesta patológica completa del tumor primario y de la axila a la quimioterapia neo-adyuvante. Estudio analítico con una base de datos prospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama, tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el Instituto Oncológico “Dr. Luis Razetti” de Caracas, año 2009. Se determinó el valor y relación de variables con la respuesta patológica completa, se realizó un análisis de univariable a través del Chi cuadrado, se considera significativa una variable si P<0,05. En 109 pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante, y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, la respuesta patológica completa fue de un 11% (12 de 109 pacientes), la respuesta patológica completa tumoral y axilar fue del 14,67% (n = 16) y 30,21% (n = 42). La edad mínima fue de 24 años, una máxima de 73 años, con media de 49, un promedio de 49,59. Ni la edad, tiempo de evolución, antecedentes familiares, tamaño tumoral, estado de la axila, estadio clínico, histología, grado histológico y nuclear, invasión lihttp://ipos-cosa.org/nfovascular, índice mitótico, receptores hormonales, Her-2Neu se relacionaron significativamente con respuesta patológica completa. No se asoció ninguna variable clínico patológica a una respuesta patológica completa en pacientes con carcinoma de mama tratados con quimioterapia neoadyuvante, por lo que no se puede predecir con ninguna de las variables estudiadas la respuesta favorable o adversa al tratamiento

This study aims to demonstrate there are clinical and pathological factors can predict the complete pathological response of the primary tumor and the axillaries lymph nodes to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These are an analytical and descriptive study with a prospective database of the patients with breast carcinoma treated with the neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Institute of Oncology “Dr. Luis Razetti” of Caracas, 2009. We determined the value and the relationship of variables with the complete pathological response. We performed a univariated analysis by Chi-Square. Variable is considered significant if P <0.05. In 109 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the pathologic complete response was 11% (12 of 109 patients), pathologic complete response of tumor and axillaries lymph nodes was 14.67% (n = 16) and 30.21% (n = 42), respectively. Theminimum age was 24 years; a maximum of 73 years, the mean was 49 and an average of 49.59. Any of the following factors: Age, duration, the family history, the tumor size, the axillaries status, clinical stage, histology, histological and nuclear grade, lymph vascular invasion, mitotic index, hormone receptors, Her-2Neu were significantly associated with pathologic complete response. There was no association between the clinic pathologic variable and the complete pathological response in patients with breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and therefore the response to the treatment can not be predicted with any of the favorable or adverse variable

Relation of CD117 immunoreactivity and microvascular density in invasive breast carcinoma.

Background and Objective: In breast cancer, the expression of CD117 represents a highly controversial subject but the majority of studies have found decreased c-kit expression in malignant breast epithelium. A number of studies have reported that increased intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the relation of CD117 and MVD with other clinicopathological parameters in invasive breast carcinomas using the tissue microarray technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 cases of invasive breast carcinoma of different histological types and grades were collected from files of a pathology department during 2010. Clinicopathological and histological parameters were evaluated. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues microarray blocks were immunostained with CD117 and CD34. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS, version 16.0. Results: About 29% of invasive breast carcinomas were CD117 positive. There were significant differences between expression of CD117 in the tumor epithelial cells and age of the patient; tumor grade; tumor size, and LN metastasis. Also, there was significant relation between expression of CD117 in the tumor epithelial cells and MVD, expression of estrogen, and progesterone receptors. On multivariate analysis, the most important predictors of negativity of CD117 were tumor size and positive lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Lack of CD117 immunoreactivity in invasive breast carcinoma was associated with features of more aggressive tumor behavior as higher microvessel density, larger size, higher tumor grade, more lymph node metastasis, and negative estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Expresión de KI-67 como factor pronóstico en las clases moleculares de carcinoma / Ki-67 as prognostic factor in the molecular class of breast carcinoma

Determinar si el índice de proliferación basado en la expresión del antígeno Ki-67 es un factor pronóstico que permite sub-clasificar las clases moleculares de carcinoma de mama. 312 tumores de pacientes del Instituto de Oncología “Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño” con carcinoma ductal infiltrante diagnosticadas entre 2000 a 2008. Se determinó la clasificación molecular según el perfil de expresión inmunohistoquímico de receptores hormonales y HER2; el índice de Ki-67 se estratificó en bajo (≤14,50%), intermedio (14,51% -25,50%) alto (≥25,51%). Asimismo, se registró edad, grado histológico, estadio clínico y evolución de acuerdo a la supervivencia global e intervalo libre de enfermedad a través de curvas de Kaplan Meier. En la serie, se clasificaron 132 casos (42,31%) como luminal A, 66 (21,15%) como luminal B, 27 (8,65%) como HER2 y 87 (27,88%) como triple negativo. Se observó que existe variación de evolución en cada clase molecular según el índice Ki-67, y se demostró dentro de cada clase que las pacientes con índice alto presentaron menor supervivencia global e intervalo libre de enfermedad, mientras que aquéllas pacientes con índice bajo mostraron mejor pronóstico con mayor supervivencia global e intervalo libre de enfermedad P≤0,05). El índice de Ki-67 permite establecer dentro de cada clase molecular subgrupos de mejor o peor pronóstico, con valores de corte de 14,5% para los luminal A y de 25,51 para los luminal B, HER2 y triple negativo

To determine if the proliferation index based on the Ki-67 antigen’s expression is a prognostic factor in the molecular classes of the breast carcinoma. The study was carried on 312 tumors of patients view in the “Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño” Oncology Institute with have infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2008. The molecular classification was done according to hormonal receptor expression profile by the immunohistochemistry; the Ki-67 index was stratified into low (≤14.50%), intermediate (14.51% - 25.50%) and high (≥25.51%). Likewise the age, the histological grade, the clinical stage, and the evolution by the overall survival and the relapse free-survival through the curve of Kaplan Meier were established. In this group, 132 cases (42.31%) were classified into luminal A, 66 (21.15%) as luminal B, 27 (8.65%) as HER2 and 87 (27.88%) as triple negative. Variation in the evolution was observed in each molecular class according to the Ki-67 index. Therefore it was demonstrated in each class, that patients with high index presented lower overall survival and relapse free survival, whereas those whom had low index exhibited better prognosis with higher overall survival and relapse free survival. The proliferation index of Ki-67 expression allows to establish in each molecular class subgroups with better or worse prognosis, with cut-off values of 14.5 % for luminal A cases and 25.51 for luminal B, HER2 and triple negative

Perfil inmunohistoquímico y la caracterización molecular del carcinoma de mama en una población venezolana / Immunihistochemical profile and molecular characterized in venezuela population

Se planteó evaluar expresión de varios biomarcadores moleculares para exponer un perfil inmunohistoquímico que permita conocer y definir la caracterización molecular de esta neoplasia en una población venezolana. Se evaluó la expresión de varios biomarcadores moleculares en pacientes con carcinoma de glándula mamaria que se realizaron dicho análisis en el laboratorio de anatomía patológica del Hospital Metropolitano del Norte, en el lapso comprendido entre 1999 al 2007. Se clasificaron los tumores empleando los trabajos Wiechmann y Carey, Wiechman y su grupo. Se valoró la expresión de p53, Bcl2 y Ki-67 según los anteriores, se relacionaron con aspectos clínicos patológicos. Edad promedio de los casos fue 51,16 años. Se observó predominio de los luminal. El marcaje del p53 se observó en más del 60 % de los casos clasificados como Her-2+ y triple negativo, y el Bcl2 se expresó en menos del 50 % de los casos en ambos subtipos tumorales mencionados. En cuanto al Ki-67, los Her-2+ presentaron el menor porcentaje de casos que lo expresaron el relación al resto. Los tumores luminal correspondieron a lesiones estadio II y presentaron mayor afectación de la axila, los subtipos Her-2+ y triple negativo con estadios III. Lo obtenido en este estudio parece apuntar que hay diferencias entre los inmunofenotipos considerados, de tal forma que la clasificación mediante estos criterios permitiría discernir formas con diferente pronóstico en nuestras pacientes aunque son necesarios estudios de seguimiento para confirmar este punto

An evaluation was the expression of several molecular biomarkers with the goal of exposing an immunohistochemical profile that allows knowing and better defining the molecular characterization of the tumor in a Venezuelan population. We evaluated the expression of several molecular biomarkers in patients with carcinoma of the breast were performed this analysis at the laboratory of pathology, Hospital Metropolitan of North, Valencia - Carabobo State, Venezuela, in the period between 1999 to 2007. The tumors were classified using the work Wiechmann, and Carey, Wiechmann and group. We evaluated the expression of p53, Bcl2 and Ki-67 according to the above and related to the clinical disease. The average age of cases was 51.16 years. It was observed prevalence of luminal. The labeling of p53 was observed in more than 60% of cases classified as HER-2 + and triple negative, and Bcl2 was expressed in less than 50% of cases in both tumor subtypes above. As for Ki-67, theHer-2 + had the lowest percentage of cases that expressed relative to the rest. Luminal tumors corresponded to stage II lesions had a higher axils, subtypes Her-2 + and triple negative stage III. In particular what was obtained in this study seems to indicate that there are differences between the immunophenotypes considered, so that the classification by these criteria would discern shapes with different prognosis in our patients but followup studies are needed to confirm this point

Câncer de mama feminino: aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos casos cadastrados de 2005 a 2008 num serviço público de oncologia de Sergipe / Female breast cancer: clinical and pathological aspects of cases registered between 2005 and 2008 at a public oncology service in the Brazilian State of Sergipe

Conhecer os aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos casos de câncer de mama feminino cadastrados num serviço público de oncologia de Sergipe. MÉTODOS: procurou-se fazer uma associação do estadiamento com as características presentes nos tumores. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 165 prontuários de mulheres cadastradas no período de 2005 a 2008 no ambulatório de oncologia do Hospital Cirurgia, localizado em Aracaju-Sergipe, por meio de formulário de coleta de dados, em 2009. RESULTADOS: identificou-se o carcinoma ductal invasivo como o tipo de neoplasia mamária mais frequente com 80,8 por cento dos casos; 76 (46,1 por cento) neoplasias foram diagnosticadas em estádio avançado (IIB, III e IV) e a mastectomia prevaleceu como tipo de cirurgia utilizado no tratamento independente do estadiamento. Quanto aos receptores hormonais todos apresentaram associação com o grau do estádio e, ainda, notou-se que a positividade do estrogênio e progesterona é fator de proteção para um pior prognóstico. CONCLUSÃO: é notável que os casos de câncer de mama estudados apresentam maior agressividade biológica, cursando com pior prognóstico, considerando o estádio clínico. Fazem-se necessárias ações de detecção precoce voltadas ao câncer de mama na atenção básica de Sergipe para redução da morbi-mortalidade, melhora da sobrevida e qualidade de vida entre as mulheres acometidas por essa neoplasia...

To discover the clinical and pathologic aspects of cases of female breast cancer registered at a public oncology service in Sergipe. METHODS: an attempt was made to associate the stage with the characteristics of the tumors. Data was gathered from 165 medical records taken between 2005 and 2008 at the oncology outpatients clinic of the Hospital Cirurgia, in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, using a data collection form in 2009. RESULTS: ductal invasive carcinoma was identified as the most frequent kind of neoplasia, accounting for 80.8 percent of cases. Seventy-six (46.1 percent) of neoplasias were identified at an advanced stage (IIB, III and IV) and mastectomy was the main kind of surgery used, irrespective of the stage of the cancer. All the hormone receptors were associated with the stage and it was noted that positive estrogen and progesterone levels were associated with a more positive prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: it is worth noting that the cases of breast cancer studied were those that are more biologically aggressive with a less promising prognosis in terms of clinical stage. Action to ensure early detection of breast cancer needs to be taken in the course of basic care in Sergipe in order to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve the survival rates and quality of life of women afflicted with this kind of neoplasia...

Breast cancer: 2 case reports / Cancer de mama: 2 casos clínicos

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among them worldwide. It includes a heterogeneous collection of diseases with various histologically defined subsets, clinical presentations, responses to treatment and outcomes. We describe 2 cases of female patients with ductal breast carcinoma. Dermatologists may have an important role in diagnosing such diseases.

Mundialmente, o câncer de mama é o câncer com risco de vida mais frequentemente diagnosticado em mulheres, sendo a principal causa de morte por câncer entre estas. Inclui um grupo heterogêneo de doenças com vários subgrupos histologicamente definidos, várias apresentações clínicas, respostas e resultados ao tratamento. Nós descrevemos dois casos de pacientes do sexo feminino com carcinoma ductal da mama. O dermatologista pode ter um papel importante no diagnóstico destas doenças.